Should Fred Hire Mimi Despite Her Online History?

In this case â€Å"We Googled You†, googling candidates before hiring often takes place in many companies. Sometimes people’s online histories revealed by googling affect hiring decisions of employers. Fred Westen, the CEO of Hathaway Jones, a luxury appeal retailer, is looking for a candidate who can lead flagship stores successfully in China. Fred met Mimi Brewster and thought that she fits the position because she had grown up in China and she speaks both Mandarin and a local dialect. Mimi graduated from Berkeley University as a cum laude, and majored in modern Chinese history. Hathaway Jones needs creative employees like Mimi who can renovate the image and product line of the company. Fred knows that the brand image of the company is getting old fast according to the firm’s market research. However, the Vice President of HR, Virginia Flanders googled Mimi and found her online information related to protest activities against China. She opposes hiring Mimi because Mimi might get the company into a trouble in the future. If Fred hires Mimi, the company will have a leader who is aggressively creative but potentially risky. On the other hand, if Fred does not hire her, the company can avoid the potential risk but miss a great candidate. Should Fred hire the candidate? From my perspective, Fred Western should talk to Mimi to explain her protest activities, and hire Mimi if the potential risk related the online history can be preventable. He should clarify her point of view about her past protest involvements and how those views have changed rather than making a judgment only from digital information. Online information can be easily falsified so it is important to clarify the situation. If her opinions toward China have changed in positive ways, potential risk can be removed by posting her current point of view on the online. Executives who take responsibility to hire employees should pay more attention to candidates’ potential job abilities than focusing too much on an individual’s online presence. Important hiring standards should focus on what they will do and how they can handle problems in the future rather than what they already did in the past. Fred’s instinct tells him that letting Mimi go to a competitor will be a catastrophe to Hathaway Jones because of her potentials. He cannot realize his ambitious plan to expand on China’s luxury goods market with only people who always play safe. John G. Palfrey’s article, †Should Fred Hire Mimi Despite Her Online History† (p. 42), says that there is no reason to fear bringing Mimi in based on the results of a Google search. Legal issue may arise only if Hathaway Jones discriminates against Mimi. Palfrey argues that if CEOs are looking only for people who are total saints, then maybe they are hiring only uninteresting people at the end of the day. I agree that hiring standards of Virginia have to be revised. Otherwise, companies may miss young great candidates. The young generation called â€Å"digital natives† share much more information on the Internet than the older generation called â€Å"digital immigrants†, who have not plunged themselves into digital environments. If CEOs only hire people who do not have online histories, the companies will suffer from a lack of leaders in the future. Coutu, D. (2007) We Googled You. Harvard Business Review, pp. 37-41. Palfrey, J. (2007). Should Fred Hire Mimi Despite Her Online History? Harvard Business Review, p. 42.

Ferrero Rocher Essay

Access to this document was granted through an Emerald subscription provided byn For Authors: If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service. Information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www. emeraldinsight. com/authors for more information. About Emerald www. emeraldinsight. com With over forty years’ experience, Emerald Group Service managers are challenged to effectively shape work environments so that customer-contact employees willingly deliver outstanding customer service. Retail and service firms attempt to â€Å"control† customer-contact employees by monitoring and rewarding input processes, job processes, and by shaping the desired outcomes (Babin and Boles, 1996; Lusch and Jaworski, 1991; Jaworski, 1988). The amount and types of training received by a customercontact employee represent input controls. Process controls include managers’ everyday prioritization, or commitment to excellent service quality. Output controls generally include attempts at shaping behavior through extrinsic rewards, including pay, and by producing a more empathetic work environment. The research described in this paper explores the mechanisms shaping service employee performance. First, the relative effectiveness that different control processes have in shaping quality service performance is examined. In doing so, two key prosocial employee behaviors represent performance: role-prescribed and extra-role performance (Brief and Motowildo, 1986; Organ, 1988; Katz and Kahn, 1978). Role-prescribed behavior refers to normal activities associated with fulfilling customer requests and handling service failures. Extra-role performance refers to unprompted or unsolicited acts performed over and above the normal procedures called for to create customer The research register for this journal is available at http://www. emeraldinsight. com/researchregisters Abstract Which type of managerial control makes bank contact employees more likely to perform so called prosocial behavior toward their customers (i. e. ehaviors which contribute to the bank’s positive image, perceived good service and customers’ satisfaction)? Four types of formal controls are considered here: training, behavioral control, pay administration and managerial orientation. An empirical study performed in six branches of a charter bank shows that pay management has the strongest effect on service employee prosocial behavior. Training also affects prosocial behavior significantly, but not a s strongly as does perceived pay fairness. In addition it is shown that pay is the primary contributor to these employees’ perceived workplace fairness. satisfaction. Second, the mechanism by which these control processes affect these behaviors is explored. Specifically, the roles played by customer-contact employees’ perceptions of training, specific process controls and their pay are explored in relation to their perceptions of workplace equity and their eventual role-prescribed and extra-role behaviors. The results contribute by providing insight into the relative effectiveness of various controls in shaping desirable employee attitudes and behaviors. For instance, the efficacy of control through pay management is examined relative to more eloquent control approaches.

Alternative to Brainstorming

The NGT is a technique that was developed by Delbecq and VandeVen. It is used for group brainstorming with the intent to get everyone involved by contributing their feedback. It is structured to help gain different viewpoints from several people for a particular topic or issue. The NGT was designed with the purpose of causing all members of the group to be involved in the discussion with one person having single dominance. It allows those individuals who are perhaps more soft spoken an opportunity to have a vocal voice in the discussion. It is also helpful to use when there are new team members who perhaps have yet gained the comfortability for sharing within the group. The NGT should help to keep the discussion flow balanced for all the topics or ideas. It should also help guide the discussion in such a way that limits the possibility of argumentive outbreaks. The NGT should produce a good mixture of quality ideas and help everyone to feel the involvement of working together as a group. The article, Nominal Group Technique: An Alternative to Brainstorming, lists some basic steps to follow when using this technique. The steps are (1) Individuals should be groups by five or six people.

Comprehensive Study Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Comprehensive Study Project - Essay Example Consequently, a wealth of literature exists on the benefits and risks of improving sustainability, and the decisive responsibility of facilities management to influence balance between ecological preservation, social equity and contributing positively to the economy. But because facilities management is an expansive interrelation of phases from construction into dilapidation, opportunities of sustainability are plenty. Benefits of sustainable facilities management present in reduced water consumption, energy use and fewer emissions that contribute to climate change. Optimization of resource consumption and increased value opens the plethora of social, ecological, and financial benefits. The application of sustainability in buildings enhances in value by 8-10 times the operational savings as presented in the journals of Cooper (2002), : A management tool for occupant fit out "comprises of core components to define the aims and objectives for the research paper of Technology, Engineering and the Environment. The terms of reference for analyzing the relationship between Sustainability and Facilities management for Occupant fit out: This research focuses on critical success factors and its effectiveness on the facilities management of the organizations. Deductive approach assists in designing the research framework based on literature review and existing theory to derive a conclusion. TThe research design enables researchers to find solutions to research problems through passing the various phases of research - collecting, analysing and interpreting observations (Nachmias and Nachmias, 1996). The research design needs to address data collection process. The correct understanding of the research problem is necessary for finding the required solutions (Ghauri, Grnhaug and Kristianslund, 1995). Research can follow the three approaches from exploratory, descriptive and causal methods. Exploratory research explores the boundaries of the environment with respect to the problems, opportunities or situations of concern for identifying related and relevant variables to the research project (Talaq, 2004). Descriptive research also provides a correct and valid representation of the selected variables from exploratory research. Causal research approach is instrumental in establishing causal link between these variables (Talaq, 2004). For the purpose of

Abortion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Abortion - Assignment Example However, the main contention arises in an unusual circumstance, for example, when the mother’s life is at risk because of pregnancy condition or a pregnancy resulting from rape. These two scenarios develop a challenge on the first premise because it becomes difficult to measure and uphold the mother‘s right to life or that of the foetus. It follows that the child is considered as being innocent and the innocent life should not be terminated. Contrariwise, the mother’s life is at jeopardy and not committing abortion would not result in direct murder. This the author argues as a fallacious point due the risk the unborn child poses to the mother and in such a circumstance, abortion should be permitted. The second scenario arises when a woman is raped and in that instance, the pregnancy is not a result of self-will (Thomson 122). The pregnancy exists without the consent of the mother and abortion should be allowed according to the wishes of the mother. Nonetheless, in circumstances where the mother’s life is not at risk and the pregnancy occurred with the consent of the mother, abortion should not be allowed. The first argument fronted by Warren touches on the number of deaths recorded in instances where women procure illegal abortions. Illegal and informal abortions pose a great threat to the life of the mother and a threat to the society that loses its members. It is direct that pregnancies resulting from rape and incidents of unwanted pregnancies, abortion is a solution because the woman was not in control of the predicament she faces. However, in other circumstances the woman has the ability of avoiding pregnancy, but fails due to the lack of using contraceptives or the utter failure of contraceptives taken religiously. This circumstances result in unwanted pregnancies and the woman should not be forced to carry and take responsibility of a supposed person they lack any level of obligation (Thomson 128). The author argues based on rights

The Harm of Legalizing Marijuana Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

The Harm of Legalizing Marijuana - Term Paper Example They did not support a full fledged campaign to take Marijuana out of the criminal code but wanted to persuade other medical doctors to illustrate empathy for those patients who would be assisted from the smoking of Marijuana (Gray, 1998). In recent times also, massive spending had been made over the fact of legalizing Marijuana as a source of medicine. Police also made several attempts for the same (Medical Marijuana Group is Big Spender, 2004). As per author Jacob & Jacob, the usefulness of Marijuana is far more than its evil effects. He weighted his argument by saying that Marijuana could be used as a harmless substance and it did not encourage any crime. He stressed that the usefulness of the drug was immense and should be promoted in good spirits in life rather than legalizing it (Jacob & Jacob, 2009, pp. 43-130). Even though many people believe and stress upon the fact that Marijuana is harmless, Marijuana should remain within the illicit category of the controlled Substances A ct because medical use is unfounded and crime would become more pervasive. Harmful effects and arguments against legalization of Marijuana Few people exert importance over the usefulness of Marijuana and hold the view of legalization of the same without any reservation in the Control Substances Act. But the larger mass opposes the view and finds it harmful on the societal grounds. As per than the use of Marijuana is fatal and can encourage more crimes. So as pre them it is better to not to legalize the consumption of Marijuana in any way. Marijuana comes with several deadly effects on personal grounds of the life of any victims. Everyone responds in a different way towards the consumption of Marijuana. Most... The research paper studies the influence of marijuana intake on human's body. The above analysis contributes towards the fact that marijuana is not directly fatal does not indicate that it does not possess any acute risk. The fact that advocate and opponents characterized themselves on the right side of the equation respectively, suggested us that what is at stake is specifically the meaning of rationality. Eminent personalities had debated over the medicinal usefulness of marijuana. The court law considered the intake of marijuana as a source of medicine to be legal. Few other doctors emphasized over the fact that the medicine should be legalized as it served as the source to combat against fatal diseases like AIDS. Since 1960’s marijuana had been classified as the schedule drug which in turn hindered the researches of the scientists to determine whether the attributes were true in nature. The legal status of marijuana had endowed along with mystical properties which was harmful on the societal pretext. The usage of marijuana has also accounted for the several crimes and the same drug continue to be available to the common mass, then the degradation of the public health and that of the society would not be very far. The entire approaches made so far regarding the legalization had been unhelpful and exerted a negative effect. The courts and state legislature should answer these troublesome issues and take necessary steps to reconcile the conflicting issues and should not go for the legalization of the peril drug.

Participation Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Participation Questions - Essay Example This knowledge can be applied to keep track of current business affairs and to forecast future business activity. Problems arise in everyday life, thus it is not rare that businesses also face problems. The professionals in charge of being the problem solvers in the business world are the managerial staff. Managers have to have good quantitative reasoning in order to be able to take advantage of mathematical techniques to find solutions to different types of business problems. Managers can utilize statistical models to apply monitor quality control. A manager that does not understand the utility of math is an incompetent worker. An analytical technique that is very useful for managers is breakeven analysis. The breakeven analysis helps determine the amount of sales needed in order to achieve zero profits. The sequence used in the trivia includes several variables that are recurrent events. These variables included time, year, and date. As far as the trivia the sequence seems to be a precise event that already occurred, thus I do not believe that the event is going to repeat itself. You are completely right math is something that must be taken seriously by managers due to the large amount of applications in management that are derived from math. As employees we must have basic comprehension of math since it affects our payroll every week. There are numerous deductions that are subtracted from the gross amount in our paychecks. For example every person working in the United States has to pay a 7.65% tax to the social security system. This amount must be matched by the employer. The amount of state and federal tax people pay is varies depending on the amount of income the person generates. People in higher income brackets pay more taxes. I don’t know much about medicine, but when the doctor has order different types of lab tests the results usually have different numbers that have significance. Medical plans use math formulas

Central Banks & other International banks Assignment

Central Banks & other International banks - Assignment Example In some cases, the central government may place restrictions con how to hold and use foreign exchange or how to dispose local currency. 2. What did the central banks do to stabilize the financial systems in 2007–2009? In order to stop the financial crisis, central banks across the world followed plans that were almost parallel inaction. The eurozone, US and Britain central banks cut interest rates almost to zero, injected capital in the markets (through massive stimulus programs) and guaranteed bank lending (Allen, 2008). These actions were taken in a bid to restore investor confidence and liquidity. In some nations, the central governments have endeavored to coordinate debt issuance with an aim of avoiding the destabilization of their financial markets. 3. In an effort to stabilize the financial system how much money, in U.S. dollar equivalent and as a percentage of the country's GDP, did the European Central Bank, Bank of England, Bank of China, and the Federal Reserve put i nto the economy in 2008 and 2009? The Central banks responses to the financial crisis were quick and dramatic. The US pumped close to one trillion USD in total in 2008 and 2009 in two massive stimulus packages. In the final quarter of 2008, the European Central Bank and the US Federal Reserve purchased about 2.5 trillion USD worth of government debt and private assets from banks (Spiegel, 2008). Today, the US has spent about 11 trillion USD to the financial crisis about 9.8 trillion USD going to troubled US corporate entities including JPMorgan Chase and General Motors. About 1.2 trillion USD has been set for use in the countries stimulus programs. Of the 9.8 trillion USD, about 6.4 trillion USD is set to be used in Federal Reserve Rescue Efforts. The Bank of China in 2008pledged to release 586 billion USD in the domestic market to stimulate the country’s economy (Morrison, 2009). 4. How well did each country's efforts work at stabilizing the economy? The central banks of mos t countries have worked in coordination with their counterparts elsewhere cutting short term interest rates. Even the People's Bank of China joined the major economies in cutting interest rates. The central bank interventions worked positively for all the countries in mitigating the effects of the financial crisis. In fact, the effects of the crisis have continued to dwindle over time. 5. What appears to be the major constraint that the central banks used to determine the limits of the monetary injections into the economy? The US assumed a most proactive role in tackling the financial crisis. The Federal Reserve has mainly applied interest rate changes to stop the financial crisis from having greater effects on the economy – more than any other central bank. The bank’s interest rate has been reduced from about 5.3% in September, 2007 to about 1.4% over the last couple of months (Senanayake, 2009). 6. Did the United States use the same or different criteria? Through thi s action, the bank has managed to shelve away worries related to high inflation rates. The US applied interest rate reduction, stimulus packages and a relaxed monetary policy like the other central banks albeit more proactively. By lowering interest rates, the supply of money in the market got to increase thereby reducing inflation and panic in the market. 7. To what extent to do you agree/disagree with the actions of

Training and developing an age diverse workforce in SMEs Assignment

Training and developing an age diverse workforce in SMEs - Assignment Example so offers important clarifications in regard to T&D plans developed in SMEs, especially in regard to the differences between these plans and those used in large firms. At a first level, it is noted that the owners of SMEs have to face changes on a continuous basis. Large firms may also have to face such problem but with the following difference: for SMEs failing in coping with change could result to the closure of the business while in large firms funds and time could retrieved easier for managing the particular situation. Another important issue highlighted in the particular article is the following one: in SMEs the success of T&D is strongly depended on the skills and capabilities of owners who are those who will undertake all tasks related to T&D, including the design and monitoring phases of the T&D plan involved (Beaver and Hutchings 2005). In addition, different modes of T&D seem to be preferred in SMEs, compared to the large firms: in SMEs ‘on-the-job training schemesâ⠂¬â„¢ (Beaver and Hutchings 2005, p.593) seem to be preferred while in large firms ‘off-the-job T&D schemes’ (Beaver and Hutchings 2005, p.593) are quite common. Especially in regard to the T&D schemes for diverse workforce, SMEs can be more effective, since the smaller number of employees allows the limitation of time for copying with change. The above characteristic of SMEs is described as their major advantage in regard to the management of diversity, an activity that it is closely related to the identification of effective T&D schemes (Beaver and Hutchings 2005, p.599). Since 2005, the time point to which the article of Beaver and Hutchings refers, a series of changes has introduced in regard to the working environment. These changes vary, covering different areas. The specific phenomenon is reflected in the literature published in this area. Depending on the type of change involved in organizational environment, different initiatives in regard to a firm’s T&D schemes would be

Scientic psychology cannot live with folk psychology and cannot live Essay

Scientic psychology cannot live with folk psychology and cannot live without it - Essay Example Folk psychology explains people actions in terms of their goals however scientific psychology explains actions of individuals based on what leads them to undertake these actions. Despite the distinction scientific psychology still has some normative aspects and for this reason cannot live without folk psychology. Folk psychology has been challenged by scientific psychology and this is based on how folk psychology results are achieved, in most cases folk psychology results will conflict with results of scientific psychology. For this reason therefore it is very difficult to choose which results best explain human behavior, due to conflicting results of the two disciplines scientific psychology tend to criticize the results of folk psychology and for this reason scientific psychology cannot live with folk psychology. Folk psychology assumes that people already know why they tend to believe in their actions and why they take these actions, according to scientific psychology people are not aware of why they take certain actions, this is a conflict of assumption and therefore it is evident that scientific psychology cannot live with folk psychology. According to Stephen Stitch it is possible to undertake scientific psychology without folk psychology where he gave an example using beliefs. ... gave an example of a day that had rained and the two characters X and Y are asked to narrate on what had happened, X said that the day had rained very heavily and Y said that it did not rain very heavily. He posed the question who of the two individuals was telling the truth, however Stephen Stitch said that these two persons may telling the truth but it depends on their understanding and observations on the way they have learned from the groups, that is family or friends on how they belief in a particular aspect. According to J.B Watson it is possible to identify someone's behavior at his or her current age as long as he or she is not in the childhood age but it depends on how the person behaves and socializes. For this reason therefore Watson verifies that it is only necessary to study the persons behavior without taking into consideration believes of the individuals, in his statement he states that it is possible for scientific psychology to live without folk. Folk Psychology assumes that an individual can directly explain the different feelings they experience, this is to say that individuals are well aware of what they feel and why they feel it, on the other hand scientific psychology agues that individuals feeling are based on the inferences about changes in what they are undergoing. For this reason therefore there is a conflict of assumptions that people are ware of their feelings and for this reason both disciplines will yield different results, for this reason therefore scientific psychology cannot live with folk psychology. Why scientific psychology cannot live without folk psychology: Despite the many reasons why scientific psychology cannot live with folk psychology it is evident that scientific psychology cannot live without folk psychology, folk

Australian development in accordance to Indigenous Rights Essay Example for Free

Australian development in accordance to Indigenous Rights Essay In most practical ways, Australia is an egalitarian society. This does not mean that everyone is the same or that everybody has equal wealth or property, just that we accept all. As a country, Australia aims for the equality of all citizens; Indigenous, European and other, however these were not always the intentions of White Settlement, on the land we call home. European settlement had a severe and devastating impact on Indigenous people. Indigenous people called Australia home many hundreds of thousands of years before White Settlement came. Sadly, including the fact that the Europeans were intruding and taking over land that was not their own, the Indigenous Australians still fell victims of the invasion and sadly became slaves on their own soil. Not only did the European Australians discriminate against the Indigenous Australians; they murdered them too. In the 1800s two years after the British flag was raised in Van Diemans Land, settlers were authorised to shoot Indigenous Australians. The displacement of Aboriginal peoples from their land resulted in a drastic decline in their population. While many Aboriginal people were killed in violent clashes over the rights to settle on the land, a vast number also died from malnourishment. But the European settlers did not stop there. From about 1910 until at least 1970, the intention of governments and Aboriginal welfare officials was to assimilate them into white society and, by controlling who they associated with and married, to eventually ‘breed out the colour’ and thus rid Australia of its Indigenous people. One of the ways they tried to achieve this was through The Stolen Generation. Children were removed to separate them permanently from the rest of their race and around 100,00 children were taken from their families. Ronald Wilson and Mick Dodson, the commission’s chairman and social justice commissioner, declared: Nationally we can conclude with confidence that between one in three and one in ten Indigenous children were forcibly removed from their families and communities in the period from approximately 1910 until 1970. Up until a certain point in history, Australians didnt even believe that the Stolen Generation occurred and continued to ignore the rights of Indigenous Australians. However, Australia has in fact realized that these events against the Indigenous people of our land were wrong, and should never be repeated, and since then action has taken place. In 1997, the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission made the most notorious accusation ever directed by a government body against Australia. It accused this country of committing genocide against the Aborigines by stealing their children. Australia has tried to make progress since acknowledging these wrongs. The Commonwealth Electoral Act 1962 entitled all Indigenous Australians to enrol and vote in Commonwealth elections. The 1967 Referendum allowed the Aboriginals to become part of the Commonwealth and removed part of the Parliament statement that discriminated against the Indigenous, allowing them to not make special rules. As a result the Indigenous Australians now have more equality in terms of the laws within Australia and the Constitution. The Redfern Address in December 1992 by Prime Minister Paul Keating was another step forward for Australia and Indigenous Rights. Keating truly connected with Indigenous Australians, making a speech to the Indigenous community of Redfern, NSW, openly and boldly admitting that Australia was to blame for the suffering of Indigenous Australians. He acknowledged on behalf of the country, the responsibility for the injustices done to Australias indigenous peoples. Additionally, February the 14th 2008 saw an incredible event in history for the development of Australia as a country, in accordance to Aboriginal rights, as well as being a huge importance to the Indigenous people. In Parliament, Prime Minister Kevin Rudd officially offered a broad apology to all Aborigines and the Stolen Generations for their profound grief, suffering and loss. He said there came a time in history when people had to reconcile the past with their future, and that as a country we apologize. Since recognizing the wrongs of our country, Australia has developed in accordance to Indigenous Rights. Indigenous Australians hold the status of original peoples of this land. By the Australian Government, laws now state that Indigenous Australians have the rights to: A distinct status and culture, which helps maintain and strengthen the identity and spiritual and cultural practices of Indigenous communities, The right to self-determination, which is a process where Indigenous communities take control of their future and decide how they will address the issues facing them, and The right to land, which provides the spiritual and cultural basis of Indigenous communities. Although it is evident that Australia has moved forward as a country in terms of accepting and recognizing the rights of Indigenous Australians, we do have room to move even more forward. Australia still has room for improvement and further development- we are not fully satisfied and have not yet fully achieved development when it comes to Indigenous Australians. From the time they first arrived in Australia, the white settlers had attempted to civilise the Aboriginal people. The impact of the white settlers changed their lives, and the lives of future generations, forever. The drastic effects we had on Indigenous Australians are still there. And even though Australia now accepts Indigenous people as equal citizens, they still appear to be underdeveloped. The intervention was wrong in the first place, because there was no negotiation and understanding towards the Indigenous culture. However it is too late now to walk away, attempting to create peace when harm has been done. Australia should assist in areas of Indigenous welfare, education and health, and should also continue educate white Australians to maintain a deep respect towards the Aboriginal culture, the original owners of our land.

Health Care Economics Essay Example for Free

Health Care Economics Essay The economics of United States health care has been through many changes over its history. There are multiple factors to what caused the changes to the health care system over time with changes such as technological advances in medicine and surgical devices, new medical discoveries, and financial laws pertaining to health care. Just as with other businesses, the health care industry’s economy would depend upon supply and demand of their services. Throughout the time that health care has been undergoing these changes, it remains that the economical situation in health care has been the main focal point to how well that health organizations in the United States will perform. In the early 1900s doctors were just beginning to cease being expected to offer care for free, medical care costs were finally becoming emphasized, and insurances were just getting involved into the health care industry (PBS, 2012). The idea of a national health care policy is first introduced by President Truman in 1945, he would be denied by the American Medical Association campaign against the idea. Eventually in 1960 the American Medical Association would develop a national policy as well that would be signed into law by President Johnson and would become the foundations for Medicare and Medicaid (Rebelo 2007). As of the past two decades, the cost of health care have rapidly been on the rise (PBS, 2012). As new medical discoveries occurred in health care and technology advanced, physicians became more capable of treating patients for their illnesses. Financing in medical organizations is important so that they may afford to do more research and obtain better technology, at the moment the health care industry is 17% of the United State’s Gross Domestic Product only expecting to rise even more as time continues. Majority of the funding for the health care industry is received through the government through Medicare and Medicaid programs. The rest of the funding is being provided by private investors. To understand how well that health care industries are doing, researchers evaluate the elasticity or inelasticity of the organization’s products. If it shown to be elastic, the organization is doing well selling the product or service which as the supply to it decreases, the price will rise. Inelasticity is likely showing that it is not performing as well, organizations are either uncertain about raising prices as the supply drops or the population is not willing to pay more for the service. They will also look at the microeconomics and macroeconomics to see how they are affecting the industry’s economic situation. Microeconomic will focus on how smaller or more particular aspects in the economy are affecting price-cost relationships. Macroeconomics will look at the economic situation as the entire country as a whole to examine what effects that may be causing. The health care industry’s economy continues to be a strong focus in the United States economy as even more focus is being poured into evaluating the health care policy situation within the United States and funding relating to it. The government programs that have been created with the health care industry are still in operation and being reformed to make adjustments that are as suitable as possible to the nation in terms of quality and affordability, attempting to offer the best care and technology possible while making it available to as many as possible without costing the country so much. Economists in the United States are examining the microeconomic and macroeconomic markets to help determine the performance of the industries and what course of action will be taken, though the spending on health care in the past few years has become a large issue for the United States. Through history with the start of health care economics to the current time, funding has been a large focusing issue in the United States taking a large portion of the nations gross domestic product, far surpassing that of other nations and will continue to be a main focusing issue for economists and political debates.

Development of Human Computer Interface

Development of Human Computer Interface Development of Human Computer Interface Based on Cognitive Model Integrated With Data Mining Techniques M. Mayilvaganan, D. Kalpanadevi Abstract First review concern about the relevant literature survey in order to evaluate the performance of learning ability and knowledge, behavior, attention, by the category of cognitive skills which is analyzed by various data mining techniques. In this paper focus the concepts of cognitive process and data mining techniques which are used to evaluate the usability of system based on metrics for analyzing problem solving resources. The implementation of cognitive process in the Human computer Interface(HCI) system contributes to give better performance of the human behavior which will be analyses by data mining technique of classification and clustering process can be proposed to evaluate the knowledge of person in efficient manner. This implies that the skills will be stimulated over time through intentional support and also helps for various resources based on different categorize. Keywords: GOM Model, Data mining techniques, Human Computer Interface system, Observational method, C4.5, Naà ¯ve Bayes, K-means, Weka Tool. Introduction Data mining also called Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) in the field of discovering novel and potentially useful information from large amount of data. In recent years, there has been increasing interest on the use of data mining to investigate scientific questions for problem solving analysis, an area of human thinking, behavior, analyse the performance from the knowledge criteria are gathered by the techniques of data mining [1]. An ability of cognitive performance is essential in various environment, which is influenced by many qualitative attributes are included for forming the data set. Data mining techniques such as K-nearest neighbor, decision tree, Naà ¯ve Bayes, Neural network, Fuzzy, Genetic and other techniques are applied in various environments [3]. This paper describes about literature survey on to analyse the cognitive performance integrates with data mining techniques. 2. Cognitive process in Human Computer Interaction (HCI) Human computer interaction is concerned with how people use computer system to perform tasks, usually in a real life work setting. To evaluate the competing task by using usability criteria based on cognitive models. Cognitive processes is the process that involve knowledge, attention, memory, producing and understanding the language, problem solving and decision making. All these are very important for human behavior. The working process of each task can be analyzed by data mining techniques for finding the human behavior, attitude and attention performance in respect way. 2.1 Collecting Qualitative Data through Cognitive process Scope of knowledge is accumulated information, problem solving schemas, performance skills, expertise, memory capacity, problem representation ability, abstraction and categorization abilities, synthesis skills, long-term concentration ability, motivation, efficiency and accuracy. Data which is collected by using variety of techniques like Video and audio recording, software logging, Scan converters, think- aloud protocols or pencil and paper field notes. These techniques can be followed by several cognitive models such as GOM model, KLM model, Cognitive complexity which has to be evaluating by language based model such as Command Language grammar, Task Action Language, Task Action Grammar, and Knowledge Analysis of tasks. In cognitive complexity, the tasks can be assessed by analysing the number of entities that have to be related in a single representation. For eg: The hypothesis ideas such as collecting the personal data, family background, academic details, extracurricular activities, activities while during studies etc., are the basic attributes for analysing the performance skill for required person. The techniques are outlined for analysis of cognitive complexity in general cognition, cognitive development, mathematics education, reasoning tasks, psychometric test items, and industrial decision making, problem solving etc. The role of questionary format on the basis of problem solving, reasoning task, behaviour methods to analyse in effective way. 2.2 GOMS Model GOMS model stands for Goals, Operators, Methods, and Selection rules needed to perform a task. Tasks are broken down into their components to predict performance times. Figure.1 represents the process of GOM model describe as Goals are objectives Operators are the actions that change the system state or the cognitive state. Methods are description of procedures for achieving goals stored in the user’s knowledge structure of the task built-up for the problem solving. Fig.1 GOM model Selection Rules are If †¦Then statements to enable the user to choose between the methods under the time complexity. 2.3 Keystroke Level Model (KLM) KLM is derived from GOMS and describes the time taken to execute sub-task using the system facilities. Total time taken for an action is arrived at by simply adding together the times for each component task. To obtain the predicted time for a task and add the times for individual operators based on Fitt law, Steering Law. 2.4 Cognitive Complexity Theory Cognitive complexity theory is an extension of GOMS. It attempts to predict how difficult learn and use a system will be base on a GOMS model of the task and its required knowledge, a model of the user current knowledge and a list of the items of knowledge to be learned in order for the user to be able to make error- free use of the system. 2.5 Knowledge Analysis of Tasks (KAT) KAT is an evaluate model to identify the task gathered from variety of techniques including interviews and questionnaires, observation, rating scales, repertory grids and conduct online test for problem solving. The completed tasks will analysis for the performer by producing the result. KAT involves several stages such as Identify the person goals, sub goal and subtasks Work out order in which sub goal are to be carried out. Identify task strategies. Identify procedures. Identify Task Objects and Actions. 3. Data Mining Concepts Integrates To HCI The variety of domain values which are related with performance based on their required result carried out by cognitive process model. From fig.1 shows such factor may be founded by means of analysis based on data mining techniques. Usability criteria can be measured by setting performance targets in the system design at the stage of effectiveness, learning ability, and flexibility, attitude which is evaluated by either survey or experimental method. An analytical evaluation method is followed by the GOMS model, KLM model and Cognitive complexity theory for end-user testing through knowledge task analysis. After observational evaluation happened, the collection of data will be stored in the database. Using data mining techniques, preprocessing, data cleaning and transformation are carried out for avoid the redundancy and clear the noisy data from the database. After preprocessing, several algorithms are applied to discover the knowledge and performance factor are analysed to identify the human ability. 4. Data mining techniques An application of Data mining is a rich focus of Classification algorithm, Association algorithm, Clustering algorithm which can be applied to the field of some resources it concerns with developing methods that discover the knowledge from data originating from any other resource environment. Fig.1. Methodology Process of analyse skill by Data Mining Techniques 4.1 Classification Techniques In Classification process, the derive model is to predict the class of objects whose class label is unknown. The derived model is based on the analysis of asset of training data. In educational data mining, the work of data was predicted by logical rule of the Classification algorithms with the represent of common domain values for analyzing the qualitative performance of required details. In this case study, it can be predicting the human behavior through HCI by given the problem solving question, observational process and other resources. In this technique, it can be classified the functioning of cognitive style such as logical reasoning, analytical ability, Numerical ability, balanced profile for skill learning, personality analysis and other styles for analyzing the skill for the human user from the collected dataset systematically. In C4.5 algorithm construct in which enhanced by ID3 algorithm and it works in divide and conquer method. At the beginning stage the root is present to associate with training data set. The rule set is formed from the initial state of decision tree. Each path from the initial state, the condition will be evaluate and simplified by the effect of rule and an outcomes will put on the required leaf, the step will continuous when it comes discarding the condition. Let freq (Ci, S) stand for the number of samples in S that belong to class Ci (out of k possible classes), and à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ½Sà ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ½ denotes the number of samples in the set S. Then the entropy of the set S: equation (1) After set T has been partitioned in accordance with n outcomes of one attribute test X: equation (2) gain (x) = info (T) infox(T) In Naà ¯ve Bayes algorithm, to reduce computation in evaluating P (X|Ci), the naive assumption of class conditional is made. This presumes that the values of the attributes are conditionally independent of one another, given the class label of the tuple. The data set predicts that tuple X belongs to the class Ci. equation (3) By Bayes’ theorem, the classic for which P (Ci |X) is maximized is called the maximum posteriori hypothesis. P (Ci |X) = P(X|Ci)P(Ci) / P(X) equation (4) The classic for which P (Ci |X) is maximized is called the maximum posteriori hypothesis. It can easily estimate the probabilities P(x1|Ci)Ãâ€"P(x2|Ci)Ãâ€" ·Ã‚ ·Ãƒâ€"P(xn|Ci) from the training tuples by the following relationship. equation (5) 4.3 Clustering Techniques Cluster analysis is used to segment a large set of data into subsets called clusters. It is the process of grouping or organizing a set of objects into distinct group based on some similarity or dissimilarity measure among the individual objects, such that the objects in the same group are more similar to each other than those in other groups [2]. Through this technique, it can be cluster the skill level in style wise or any other pattern and analyse in each cognitive style in grouped manner. In this paper, K-means clustering can be used to analyse the classification of training tuple from the rule base relation, then it can be grouped the performance of skill in pattern wise. K-means algorithm takes the input parameter and partitions a set of n objects into k clusters. Cluster similarity is measured in regard to the mean value of the objects in a cluster based on center of gravity. For each of the remaining object is assigned to the cluster based on the distance. Iteration can be repeated until the function can satisfied. equation (6) where E is the sum of the square error for all objects in the data set; p is the point in space representing a given object; and mi is the mean of cluster Ci, the distance from the object to its cluster center is squared, and the distances are summed. The resulting of k clusters as compact and group can be formed for the required pattern. Experimentation of Training Data set and Result Analysis Using Data mining Techniques From this research survey, it can be analysed and produced an idea to propose the human performance based on cognitive process through Human Computer interface by interacting from computer system. The training data set can be experimented in data mining techniques to analysis the behavior of the human user via computer system. In this experiment, Classification technique approach was obtained accuracy to classification for forum data. Using Weka tool the classification algorithm was provided to experiment with sample data set by the given attributes like logical reasoning, numerical ability and personality for analyse the skill level of human user. Through clustering technique it can be analysed the performance of skill level from the classified training data set. Weka provides the range of the functioning in style wise and estimates the accuracy of resulting predicting model in classification algorithms are C4.5 and Naà ¯ve Bayes techniques used in the analyzing process. These techniques are decision making rule process which can be worked in probability evaluation model on the analysis of a set of training data. If logical_reasoning = good and Numerial_ability = good and personality=good then Performance= Good_skill_user If logical_reasoning = poor and Numerial_ability = poor and personality=good then Performance= Average_skill_user If logical_reasoning = poor and Numerial_ability = poor and personality=poor then Performance= below _average _skill_user TABLE.1: PERFORMANCE MEASURE FOR TRAINING DATA OF 200 SAMPLE INSTANCE From table.1, shows the measuring the performance of execution time and correctly classified instance based on the proposed algorithm for predicting in rule. In second experiment, the data clustering method can be used for checking the similarity based on the criteria of performance like Good skill user, Average Skill user and below average skill user using K-means algorithm technique. Fig. 2: Clustering Performance in pattern wise analysis 6. Conclusion In this studied, it can be concluded that an idea of Human computer interface which integrate with respect to cognitive models for analyzing human behavior of skill gathered by using problem solving using data mining techniques. By using 200 instance of sample training data set, which can be predicted by the rule of classification techniques of C4.5 and Naà ¯ve Bayes algorithm which can be produced their efficiency are C4.5 classified by execution time of accuracy is 0.25 second and 170 instance are correctly classified. Naà ¯ve Bayes algorithm classified by execution time of accuracy is 0.1 second and 142 instances are correctly classified. From the above analysis more instance of classifier is C4.5 algorithm was well suited for classification to skill analysis. Finally, it can be analysis by category wise based on pattern then produce 80% of Good skill user, 40% of Average Skill user and 5% below average skill user using K-means clustering algorithm. References 7.1 Book [1] Jiawei Han and Micheline Kamber, Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques, 2nd ed., Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2006. Arun K Pujari, â€Å"Data mining techniques†, University Press (India) Private Limited. David Hand, Heikki Mannila adhraic Smyth, â€Å"Principles of Data Mining†, MIT Press, 2001. Anderson, J.R, ‘The Architecture of Cognition’, Harvard University Press, Cambridge (1983). 7.2 Journal Article [5] Richard E.Clark, â€Å"Cognitive Task Analysis†, October 14, 2006. [6] Chipman, S. F., Schraagen, J. M., Shalin, V. L., â€Å"Introduction to Cognitive task analysis† [7] David H. Jonassen, â€Å"Analysis of Task Procedures†, Copyright [emailprotected] 1986. 7.3 Conference Proceedings [8] Bainbridge, L. â€Å"The change in concepts needed to account for human behaviour in complex  dynamic tasks†, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and  Humans, 27, 351–359. [9] Arbi Ghazarian, â€Å"Pauses in man-machine interactions: a clue to users â€Å" Skill levels and their user  interface requirements†, Int. J. Cognitive Performance Support, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2013. [10] Sheikh,L Tanveer B. and Hamdani,S., Interesting Measures for Mining Association Rules.  IEEE-INMIC Conference December. 2004. [11] M. O. Mansur, M.Sap and M. Noor, â€Å"Outlier Detection Technique in Data mining: A Research  Perceptive†, In Postgraduate Annual Research Seminar, 2005. 1

Oedipus the King: A Tragic Hero Essays -- Literary Analysis

In most dramatic plays, tragedy usually strikes the protagonist of the play and leads him, or her, to experience devastating losses. While tragic instances can be avoided, there are other instances where one’s fate and future is out of the protagonist’s control. In Oedipus the King, written by Sophocles and first performed around 249 BC, Oedipus cannot escape his destiny and even though he tries to overcome and circumvent prophecy, he finds out that supernatural forces will get what they want in the end. Oedipus meets the criteria of a tragic hero set forth by Aristotle and his fate within the play demonstrates that one does not always have free will in their lives. Traditionally, in Greek drama, tragedy is meant to reaffirm the concept that life is worth living and that people are in constant opposition with the universe. Action within Greek tragedies commonly comes from inner conflicts. These actions are also intended to create feelings of pity and fear within an individual (â€Å"Greek Theatre History Notes,† 2011). Greek tragedy also holds that the hero of the play, who is a good person yet not perfect, must fall from his or her position of nobility, grace, or power. Additionally, Greek tragedy contends that the audience must experience catharsis after tragic events happen and that the hero is left to face the world by him or herself (â€Å"Greek Theatre History Notes†). Aristotle defined tragedy as, [An] imitation of an action that is serious, complete, and of a certain magnitude; in language embellished with each kind of artistic ornament, the several kinds being found in separate parts of the play; in the form of action, not of narrative; with incidents arousing pity and fear, wherewith to accomplish its katharsis of such e... ...ory of Tragedy in the POETICS.† Ed. Barbara F. McManus. November 1999. Web. 18 April 2012. Brown, Larry. â€Å"Aristotle on Greek Tragedy.† 2005. Web. 18 April 2012. â€Å"Character Archetypes.† Listology. 15 February 2006. Web. 18 April 2012. Gantz, Timothy. Early Greek Myth. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993. Print. â€Å"Greek Theatre History Notes.† Web. 18 April 2012. â€Å"Greek Tragic Drama.† Memphis University School. Web. 18 April 2012. Loy, Jim. â€Å"The Riddle of the Sphinx.† 2002. Web. 18 April 2012. â€Å"Myths and Archetypes.† In Search of Myths and Heroes. PBS. November 2005. Web. 18 April 2012. â€Å"Oedipus the King.† Classical Humanities 222, Bucknell University. Spring 1999. Web. 18 April 2012. Sophocles. Oedipus Rex. Web. 18 April 2012. Struck, Peter T. â€Å"Oedipus as Tragic Hero.† 2009. Web. 18 April 2012. â€Å"Tragedy: The Basics.† Web. 18 April 2012.

Emersons Theories of Education vs Modern-day Theories Essay -- Compar

Emerson and today’s theories of education view discipline as necessary for the progress of students in the classroom; however, Emerson’s beliefs differ from modern-day theories of discipline in "respecting a child" encompassing "patience", "the receiving mind" and "discovers for himself his goal in life." Emerson realized that progressive learning is not a dictator relationship. "Respecting a child" will enhance the student’s ability to achieve their goals. As today’s society lives in the fast lane so does our educational society. "So to regard a young child, the young man, requires, no doubt, rare patience: a patience that nothing but faith in the remedial forces of the soul can give" (Gilman 444). Patience is this unattainable trait that people seek, but never find. Our society is a whirling downfall of enormous debt because of the lack of patience that so many people have adopted as a way of life. Stores are full of consumers that "must have" at that very moment. Unfortunately, the same philosophy of thought is embedded in today’s education. Evaluating today’s theories of education, patience is a luxury that can not be spared. The new "No child left behind" legislation theorizes the idea that standardized testing will improve the instruction level of students. In actualization, the government is teaching the students and the teachers are their puppets. The government likes to call this education reform, however in many eyes it is education death. "The 100 percent goal was simply a target, an admittedly unreachable goal designed to motivate schools to stretch themselves to do better, such as scientists trying to cure cancer or gardeners hoping to grow the perfect tomato" (Matthews 1). Beginning with the first day of school... ... How does society "respect a child" when education is consumed with close-mindedness, repetition, dictatorship and sinful nature. References: Bracey, Gerald W. Are US Students Behind? Web 20 Nov 2014. Http: www.prospect.org/print/V9/37/bracey-g.html Dorja, Rig’dzin. Dangerous Friend: The teacher –student relationship in Vajnayana Buddhism. Web 20 Nov 2014. http://www. Samadhicushions.com/Samadhi.cgi/S-1998 Gilman, William H. Selected Writings of Ralph Waldo Emerson. A Signet Classic. New York, New York 10014 Matthews, Jay. No Child Left Behind Act: Facts and Fiction. Web 20 Nov 2014. http://www.washingtonpost.com /ac2/wp-dyn/A23818- 2003Nov10?language=printer. Swanson, Robert. Web 20 Nov 2014. http://www.sudval.org/users/archives/dsm4 Years of Schooling Smother Creativity. Web 20 Nov 2014. jordan.dpsnc.net/fcmqr1998/schooling.html

Intellectual Property, Copyright, Authorship, and Individuality in Music and Print Culture :: Intellectual Property Copyright Authorship

Intellectual Property, Copyright, Authorship, and Individuality in Music and Print Culture When the alphabet was invented, spoken epics could be converted into an abstract representation - writing. The experience of the spoken epic poem could be transformed into written format. Although books can be read aloud and therefore retain some similarity to the communal nature of the oral tradition, books can also be read silently in solitude, emphasizing the individual reader. Among the many functions that Roger Chartier has attributed to the figure of the author is not only the role of creator to the content, but also to appropriate ownership of that creation to whomever owns the property rights to that content (36). Copyright law protects the specific manifestations of ideas and facts, but not those ideas and facts themselves. When commemoration was no longer used to experience memory, individual authors came to be recognized as readers became less participatory in the process of getting meaning from the work. The author as creator became an individual who gave meanin g to an audience fragmented by the ability of the written word to separate its readers from one another. The author serves as a meeting point for individual readers to receive meaning, whereas in pre-literate times, this meaning would have been constructed by a the entire group in the immediacy of the performance. In terms of property ownership, one parallel in music was the development of an agreed upon system of notes, scales, and representations of musical sounds and timings. This musical alphabet was necessary to write down scores of music, whether the ancient Egyptian's "music of the spheres" or Beethoven's Ninth Symphony. It serves to organize noise into a format that is accepted as the creation of a musician. As Albert Borgmann writes, "The identity and integrity of a piece of music can be underwritten by a score only if there is a complete and authoritative score" (94). This means that a written account of a performed piece is only equal in validity to the performed piece if some amount of authority is granted the former. The composer/author of the piece serves as the source of this authority. However, if there is no score, the identity and integrity of the piece must lie in its performance. In this case, it is the performers of the actual song that constitute it's integrity, an d this has implications that undermine the functions of the author.

Chipotle Mexican Grill Essay

Chipotle Mexican Grill, Inc. is a chain of restaurants located in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, and France, specializing in burritos and tacos. Its name derives from chipotle, the Mexican Spanish name for a smoked and dried jalapeno chili pepper. The restaurant is known for its large burritos, assembly-line production and use of natural ingredients. The company has released a mission statement called Food with Integrity, which highlights its efforts in using organic ingredients,[3] and serves more naturally raised meat than any other restaurant chain. Chipotle is one of the first chains of fast casual dining establishments. Founded by Steve Ells in 1993, Chipotle had 16 restaurants (all in Colorado) when McDonald’s Corporation became a major investor in 1998. By the time McDonald’s fully divested itself from Chipotle in 2006, the chain had grown to over 500 locations. With more than 1400 locations in 43 U. S. states, Washington, D. C. , two Canadian provinces, the United Kingdom, and France, Chipotle had a net income in 2012 of US$278 million and a staff of 37,310 employees. Chipotle Mexican Grill in 2012 2012 has been the year of Chipotle Mexican Grill (CMG -0. 92%). The stock is an absolute superstar, hitting 37 new record highs so far, according to CNBC. -When the company went public in January 2006, the stock doubled on its first day from $22 per share to close at $44 per share. – At late of Febuary 2012, Chipotle’s stock price had climbed to $380-$385,up more than 80% since january 1,2011 and up 334% since january. – Chipotle shares traded at $421. 37 Mar 27, and are up nearly 26% this year. Over the last 12 months, the stock has gained 65%. Chipotle’s run has obviously been the subject of much chatter among investors. Why is this stock so high, and how much further can it go? Many investors think that Chipotle’s numbers are just headed up, and the stock has room to grow as well. Chipotle’s growth is mentioned with the launch of ShopHouse, the Asian-themed restaurant the company has opened in Washington D. C. ShopHouse has been wildly popular with little to no advertising. The success had opened up the possibility that Chipotle could very well strike gold a second time. The company isn’t saying much about whether it will expand ShopHouse, but investors are certainly pricing the idea into Chipotle shares. Chipotle has no debt and about $400 million in cash, according to Seeking Alpha. And Chipotle is in that best-of-both worlds position because it can compete directly with fast food, but also stand up against more upscale restaurants, such as Panera Bread (PNRA -1. 01%). Finally, Chipotle is gunning for international expansion, recently opening new locations in London and planning one for Paris.

Case Study Principles Of Management Education Essay

foundation garment Learning is a procedure. Learn symbolise know mostthing freshly. It may get cognition, sort and accomplishment. Human encyclopaedism may come show up as portion of instruction or psycheal development. Learning rooms argon a manner to assist break away psycheal quality and accomplishments. This differs adult anthropoid to adult male. There argon m either an(prenominal) cultivation manners ocular, logical, verbal and so on There atomic number 18 whatever suppositious accounts and manners in larning corresponding as TRAP suppositious account VAK supposititious account and thither argon whatever(prenominal) known figures who presented their position for larning. As an fiction Kolb s bringing beat.Kolb s teaching pulse Kolb presented the following submiting rhythm in 1984 which is c onlyed Kolb s training rhythm. Kolb s experiential achievement theory be instantly good known to ability members, instructors, pupils, directors, and trainers and every bit good as separates. Successively, Kolb s registering manners theoretical accounts and Fundamental constructs towards our apprehension and explicating human larning behavior and towards assisting almost others to larn besides. He described larning establishment in two levels- a quad phase rhythm and four-type definition of larning manners. four phase rhythms is as belowconcrete at endure ( reservation or retention an experience or CE ) pondering expression ( reexamining or reflecting on the experience or RO )Abstract formulation ( ratiocination or larning from the experience or AC )Active auditionation ( be aftering or seek out what whatever hotshot has gained or AE )And these four manners ar the rhythm and that is every bit below move into Kolb s acquisition rhythmP season-3( hypertext pitch communications protocol //www.ldu.leeds.ac.uk/ldu/sddu_multimedia/kolb/static_version.php )Four-type definition of larning manners, ( each stand fori ng the conclave of two preferable manners from Kolb s manner, it is like a two-by-two combination, harmonizing mathematical ground substance regulations of the four-stage rhythm manners, as presented below ) , for which Kolb employ the footingsConverging ( AC/AE )Accommodating ( CE/AE ) assimilate ( AC/RO )Diverging ( CE/RO )( hypertext beam protocol //www.businessballs.com/kolb acquireingstyles.htm )Abstract conceptualization ( AC )Concrete experience ( CE )Active experimentation ( AE )Converging ( AC/AE )Accommodating ( CE/AE )Brooding annotation ( RO )Assimilating ( AC/RO )Diverging ( CE/RO ) We besides mickle stand for it as follows ( Class talk and class stuffs )Active observational abstract conceptualizationActive experimental Concrete experienceBrooding observation Concrete experienceBrooding observation Concrete experience nevertheless this tabular array go off be fight back in many manner however we run through to administer Diverging ( CE/RO ) Assimilating ( AC/RO ) , Assimilating ( AC/RO ) and Accommodating ( CE/AE ) in antithetical manner. And anyone screw make that and explicate in his ain manner.Now we will asseverate a expression how these systems adaptable mastermind or raft engage or execute in realisticly.Converging ( making and believing AC/AE ) this is a practical and engineering ground acquisition system. states with shock larning manner attempts to carry out any job utilizing their acquisition and attempts to dislodge work out any practical issue. They like proficient jobs and their concern about people and inter personal facets is less. They argon crush at happeningPage-4Practical utilizations of theories and issues. They argon most attracted to proficient undertakings and jobs apart from social and interpersonal issues. They like to make experiment with refreshing jobs and issues.Accommodating ( making and experiencing CE/AE ) The people who are with Accommodating larning manner, they are sincerely active and relies on surmising instead than logical. They use uninflected theories and practical rape to make any undertaking. They prefer new challenges and they are much planned. Peoples with an Suiting acquisition manner prefer to work in squads to finish undertakings. They set marks and actively work in the field seeking different ways to accomplish an aim.Assimilating ( watching and believing AC/RO ) The signification of absorbing is absorbing. Absorbing larning penchant is for a concise, logical attack. Their Ideas and constructs are more(prenominal) of substance than people. They need a good percipient account instead than practical chance. They go by at understanding wide-ranging breeding and organizing it a clear logical format. They ever prefer to garner thoughts knowledge. Peoples with this manner are more attracted to logically sound theories than attacks based on practical value. They are very of import for effectivity in information and scientific callings. Peoples with this manner prefer removeings, talks, exploreing analytical theoretical accounts, and holding clip to call up things exhaustively.Diverging ( experiencing and watching CE/RO ) People with this manner are able to get wind to at things from different positions. They are in truth sensitive. They prefer to watch instead than make, be weddeding to garner information and usage imagery to work out any job. They are good at sing concrete state of affairss several different billet of views. This is called Diverging manner because these people complete better, in such state of affairss that select ideas-generation, for illustration, brainstorming. They are interested in people, tend to be inventive and emotional, and be given to be strong in the humanitarian disciplines. Peoples with the Diverging manner prefer to work in groups, to listen with an unfastened manoeuvre and to have personal feedback.Different acquisition manners are appropriate in different phase H uman existences are ever larning. In different age and phase people learn otherwise. When we were in school we learned in one manner unless after that our acquisition system has changed. And there are some people who learn faster than the other in his same age and phase. So it differ age, phase, state of affairs. There are some people who learn solely by sense of hearing. This called auditory scholar. These people they attend any category ( pupil ) or seminar or meeting any where they learn outstrip by listening. They are rattling sensitive to outside noise.There are some people who learn from optic. They are called ocular scholar. Basically they learn from mixing of coloring material and image or written information. They like to read instruction manual and conceive of about any topics or subject. They are besides be more sensitive to ocular distraction.Page-5There is another(prenominal) larning manner named kinesthetic larning manner in VAK theoretical account. This is reall y physical knowledge manner. It is like when person traveling, walking, his/her sense is larning. These scholars learn from several(a) motions. When they are on any motion they use to do notes. When they read something they s faeces it foremost and so they focus on on it.So human being, they derail larning when they are childs. And that clip they learn from listening and watching. plainly after a legitimate period they learn to utilize their encephalon. They learn how to speak how to walk. Then they go to school they start their academic acquisition. Person learn by analyzing, average memorising. Person learn from understanding. Briefly, any pupil, he attend the categories and urbane ore talks and he does non necessitate to discerp more to catch the subject. But on the other manus there is person who needs to analyze more than concentrating the talks. At last when they enter their occupation there is another state of affairs. Person passel retrieve what he has to make or n on. Person needs to explicate everything spirit level to indicate. But it depends how he learns.My learning manner I can recoup something a long clip as I have learned it practical. If I do non understand something I sample all my best to larn it. But sometimes I can non. If I can hold a expression a lot any theory, I can retrieve or use, Especially Scientific footings. But sometimes when I am analyzing something I do guess and seek to par with any practical events. I think when I do it I can capture it really rapidly. For an illustration when I was analyzing in secondary degree, there were a scientific theory name rationale of Archimedes my instructor tried his all best to do it clear to me only he failed. So he shown me this in research lab how it does work and what was the rule. Still today I can retrieve this theory and I can explicate this. sometimes I when I am in a new phase, I strive to set myself with that state of affairs and comparability with some old state of affairs to happen out the similarities. Sometimes it happens but sometimes my thoughts go incorrect.On the other manus I have seen some people who can think something, they can understand anything immediately. But I can non make the same thing. There is person who can conceive of sing any jobs, subject, or undertaking but I ca nt make the same thing. When I think something I find out some critical thoughts where as some favorable thoughts could be the best solution. I ever think something which is that solution what is potent but non instant solution nub this could be use subsequently but it is a possible solution of that job. So I think I have to alter this. Another thing when I learn something from person I ca nt catch everything immediately, when I review that so I can understand that. But I think I am better, when I teach something others. And I am ref lector sometimes. It is because when I tech something other chap that clip I try to retrieve my lectors and their manner. Fin ally, I think I have to develop my thinking power, happen out some possible easy solution.Decision As acquisition is a uninterrupted and lifetime procedure. So it really of import to holding thoughts about assorted larning manners. And there some people who learn otherwise. And there are some observe people, they contribute and presented their thoughts and positions on larning procedure. And nowadays Kolb s manner is popular.Page-6Methodology To compose the duty assignment I used these sites and I followed my lector s talk sheets and our class stuffs.hypertext transfer protocol //www.informa world.comhypertext transfer protocol //www.learningandteaching.info/learning/experience.htm( hypertext transfer protocol //www.ldu.leeds.ac.uk/ldu/sddu_multimedia/kolb/static_version.php )hypertext transfer protocol //www.cs.montana.edu/ % 7Eperkinsm/580/Education/index.htmhypertext transfer protocol //arbeitsblaetter.stangl-taller.at/LERNEN/LernstileKolb.shtmlhypertext transfer protocol //www .businessballs.com/kolblearningstyles.htm

Malaysian airline Essay

Purposes In normal, a punctuates story of Airlines Comp either capability be precise important in the nerve center of populate (society). In fact, draw a bead on is consider as a promise to customers setting up expectations and with a strong gull it deliver on what it promises by the bourgeonment of a strong composition (Aaker 2009, p. 3). This nuzzle seems specificly well suited to the composition of Airlines fellowship, in which their brands character as externalize arsehole be describe as a very important aspect. The goal of this study is to value and analyses on the implication of incident to the study of Malaysia Airlines (MAS). In this project, I leave alone explore how the temper of MAS is affected, subsequently(prenominal) the accident on 8 March 2014 (BBC 2014). In particular, I give focus on how MASs repute and brand is significantly damaged by the slicing of race MH370 and how to fix and rebuilding their report cardand brands watch after(pren ominal) the accident happen. Therefore, the questions arise on how to convince and ensure the preventative of MAS in their future operations. Also, the study will examine, assay and attempt to measure the cartel aim of a customers position (the situational approach) towards MAS temperament after the tragedy occurred.Background In this age, record and brand is become one of essential part of business organisation environment. According to Brigham (2010) claims a businesss more or less valuable asset is its steady-going name, brand and reputation, as a result brand reputational value is irreplaceable and confederation must(prenominal)(prenominal) protect it (Brigham 2010, p. 1). Hence, the accident on charge MH370 is app atomic number 18ntly affected the brand and reputation of MAS. As a result, I choose this topic, since it was the present-day(prenominal) issue in the eye of nation comely nearly the world, due to the Malaysia Airlines public life MH 370 went lac king less than an bit after take off. Also, the anformer(a)(prenominal) reason Im liaisoned to select this issue, beca procedure I deliberate this accident will give a gigantic impact which can tarnish to the business reputation of MAS. Thus, this topic is important issue now, because it non just involves the confederation itself, but it related to international accident. Furthermore, I will conduct my study in a literature reassessment, watch out the general population password regarding MH370 public life incident, and take a mess and converse haphazardly in Sydney almost the conundrum of disappearance of MH370.Scope I will engage in literature review, in set up to collect unessential entropy which is available on the news all over a six-hebdomad period, from 1 April to 13 May 2014 for somewhat 6 hour per week. I will typically strike the discussion of general people regarding the mystery of missing skim off MH370 and stay around go to fifteen minutes in s everalize to observe other people panoramas in the management they talk, feel and express about MAS reputation after the accident occurred. On some commodious quantify I may come at other metres of the day for survey. In this case, I will accommodate a questionnaire regarding the people perspectives generally of MAS reputation after the MH370 Flight incident. This questionnaire will be given to a haphazard people whom I meet in Sydney (city area) and I will distribute the questionnaire also by email and other social networking sites. Moreover, I will schedule organizeinterviews, but I will interview arbitrarily to a general people in Sydney as in semi-formal question regarding their opinion and judgement about MAS reputation after the missing canvass MH370, as needed to clear and provide insight perspective of MAS reputations value into specific conversations. abstractive framework I will be steer most generally by the concept of mark in the International merchandis e field, since branding is develop a company reputation in long term and it may be consider as one of the most important decisions made by market managers (Kohli, 1997, p. 206). The concept of branding leads to build a reputation in the mind of consumer as company image (identity) as seen from the outside and it about company brand is who they are, what is their strength, integrity and reputation, so its not plain on how company logo is displayed, but quite an than that, it involves the emotional and intellectual chemical reaction to tar fit audiences (Stine 2008, p. 2). The in merged reputation can be consider as incarnate image which is content identify, image, prestige, goodwill, esteem and rest (Wartick2002 as cited in Dolphin 2004, p. 81). Also, the somatic reputation is most influenced by the actions of an organization rather than a successful of PR campaign (Lewis 2001, p. 31).Consequently, establish on research a good reputation allows a company to easily attract cu stomers companies by the brass instrument of reputation for delivering high- tonicity products and service (Ngwese and Zhang 2007, p. 30). Research show that a steadfastlys reputation is consider to the success or adversity of its brands, so it is very important for a substantial to maintain or advance their reputation (Herbig and Milewicz 1993, p. 18). In addition, research show a good corporate reputation leads firms to enhance financial and market performance, as a result the corporate reputation appears to pop out as a critical dimension of benchmarking of a firm performance (Lee and Roh 2012, p. 649). Hence, it is very important to submit a good reputation company must be truthful, reliable and consistent about the fling product or service in show to get a customer loyalty (Melewar, Nguyen and Abimbola 2013, p. 1). vanes and brandings get to such a profound impact on the society as whole a not just on people who buy or used their product and service, thus an ethical bra nd enhances the firms reputation, since such a good reputationreinforces the brand in turn (Fan 2005, p. 341). However, any unethical behaviour of misconduct will intemperately damage or even destroy the aggregate intangible asset of company, so in order to retain and advance company name, marketing managers must concern and implement 6Cs of corporate marketing which are corporate identity, corporate branding, corporate communications, corporate image and corporate reputation must be merged under the umbrella title of corporate marketing (Fan 2005, p. 341 and Balmer & Greyser 2006, p. 730). According to Kotler and Keller (2006), brands are very important for two the company and the consumers, because brands indentify the source or maker of a product and service and allow consumers either individuals or organization to assign responsibility to a particular manufacture or distributor (Kotler and Keller 2006 as cited in Ngwese and Zhang 2007, p. 19).In this case, the brand reputati on can be good or bad, strong or weak, its estimate on how the company maintain their performance of reputation and it crystallizes how people feel about that reputation based on whatever information they need about the brand is regarded and respected (Ngwese and Zhang 2007, p. 31). I am exploring the meanings of brand reputation of MAS which is apparently affected after MH370 Flight incident. In this research, I hope to achieve the final result on how to fix and rebuilding the reputation of MAS Company and find the solution on how to get a trust back from customer itself. Also, find the way on how to maintain the customer loyalty after accident happen. Moreover, conclude the outcome on how cold the correlations regarding brand reputation can affect the consumers perception. At the end, get the results regarding on the current level of customers confidence and trust in general people towards MAS reputation.Method1. Conduct a literature review on the implication of accident to th e reputation of MAS.2. mark the discussion of general people about the mystery of missing plane MH370, for example in montage or in a public place if somebody or friends talk about MAS Flight incident. Therefore, I will come closely and guard a discussion with them in order to observe their opinion and judgementregarding their get way on how they talk, feel and express their perspectives about MAS reputation.3. Interview randomly to a general people in Sydney (city area) to clarify and provide insight into conversations. Thus, I will emphasize to conduct these interviews shortly after conversation of interest to a general people who discusses regarding the accident to the reputation of MAS. The common strategy for the interviews is to begin with broad and general questions and follow up on the interviewees response in order to capture the person meanings and get their perception and to avoid imposing my meanings on the interviewee. I will use structured interviews in order to en sure that answer can be reliably aggregated (consistent), also it can reach a large taste, so a representative sample is possible can be used to make statements.While the interviews will not be formal but it structured, it more likely as wanton and the kinds of questions I will ask include the sideline a. What do you feel regarding the mystery of missing plane MH370? b. What do you think about the reputation of MAS after the accident occurred recently? c. What do you think that MAS should do in order to solve the tragedy of missing plane MH370? d. Do you still believe that MAS have a good reputation after the MH370 Flight incident? e. If you have a chance to jaunt going to overseas, do you still have trust to fly with MAS, despite the missing Flight MH370? f. Do you believe that MAS will improve their management of protective cover and safety as their offered the flying service in the future?4. Conduct a simple survey by a questionnaire paper regarding the people perspectives generally of MAS reputation after the MH370 Flight incident. This questionnaire will be given to a random people whom I meet in Sydney (city area) and I will distribute the questionnaire also by email and other social networking sites. The reasons, Im victimisation questionnaires because its practical (I can do and conduct), realistic, sensible, handy, usable and convenient method. The outcome of conduct questionnaires can normally be quickly and easily interpret the result. 5. economize a research report that combines my understanding of own horizon and perception of the relevant theory and former research with the outcomes of my empirical research.Simple Gantt chartLimitations epoch constraints (limitation) of the semester require less time than may be ideal for research study. By collecting thirdhand entropy for only six hours a week for six-weeks, there are bound to be very difficult to evaluate the accuracy of unoriginal data, and the quality of internal secondary data may be exaggerated or biased, since I rely on secondary data from the news. Being an outsider may also limit what is revealed to me. The interview and survey it can be difficult to obtain reliable data on attitudes, opinion and values (unless validated questionnaires are used).Delimitations I am choosing to not find the data from primary resources which is not available (not exist) and its not allowing the access of data. Thus, Im used the secondary data from the news which is available, in order to come along a broader of perspective regarding the understanding of general people in society towards the reputation of MAS. It is often cheaper and it saves time than doing primary research. Additionally, I will not use unstructured interviews because a lot more time consuming in comparison to other research methods and it can be difficult to interview a large sample, affecting the datas utter and representativeness, also prone to digression and much of the data collected might be wor thless.ReferencesAaker, J 2009, structure Innovative Brands, Stanford Graduate School of Business, pp. 1-38, viewed 5April 2014, .Balmer, M.T.J and Greyser, S.A 2006, Corporate Marketing Integrating corporate identity, corporate branding, corporate communications, corporate image and corporate reputation, European daybook of Marketing, Vol. 40 Iss 7/8, pp.730 741, Emerald, viewed 2 April 2014BBC 2014, Missing Malaysia Airlines plane, News Asia, viewed 1 April 2014, Brigham, A. F 2010, Your Brand Reputational measure Is Irreplaceable Protect It, Forbes, pp. 1, viewed 5April 2014, .Dolphin, R. R 2004, Corporate reputation a value creating strategy, Corporate Governance, Vol. 4 Iss 3, pp.77 92, Emerald, viewed 4 April 2014Fan, Y 2005, Ethical branding and corporate reputation, Corporate Communications An International ledger, Vol. 10 Iss 4, pp.341 350, Emerald, viewed 2 April 2014Herbig, P and Milewicz, J 1993, The relationship of reputation and credibility to brand success, Jo urnal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 10 Iss 3, pp.18 24, Emerald, viewed 5April 2014Kohli, C 1997, Branding consumer goods insights from theory and practice, Journal of Consumer Marketing, vol. 14 Iss 3, pp. 206 219, Emerald, viewed 5April 2014Lee, J and Roh, J.J 2012, Revisiting corporate reputation and firm performance link, Benchmarking an International Journal, Vol. 19 Iss 4/5, pp.649 664, Emerald, viewed 3 April 2014Lewis, S 2001, Measuring corporate reputation, Corporate Communications An International Journal, Vol. 6 Iss 1, pp.31 35, Emerald, viewed 4 April 2014Melewar, T.C, Nguyen, B and Abimbola, T 2013, Corporate branding, identity, image and reputation (COBIIR), Marketing Intelligence & Planning, Vol. 31 Iss 5, pp. 1, Emerald, viewed 3 April 2014Ngwese, E.R and Zhang 2007, Brand Reputation in International Marketing, moderate of Science in International Marketing, pp. 1-65, University of Halmstad, viewed 4 April 2014, .Stine, G 2008, The Nine Principles of Branding, Pol aris Inc. Branding Solutions, pp. 1-33, viewed 5April 2014, .

Islamic Change Over Time Essay Essay

By the earlyish(a) 18th light speed, the poove pudding stone was in lower. The rachitic rulers of the empire left(a) the g all overnment agency fan out for reason struggles among officials, religious experts, and Janissary commanders. peasant administrators and landholders conspired to conk out gross from the r each(prenominal)y treasury. The creative activitywide economic system suffered from challenger with the watt as import goods undone local anesthetic industry. European rivals took hand overs of poove weakness. The Austrians pushed the drags from Hungary and the Union Balkans. Russia grow into the Caucasus and Crimea. The drug-addicted Christian peoples of the Balkans challenged their rulers the Greeks win emancipation 1830, and Serbia won license in 1867.European war machine assaults and diseases ruined subsisting elegances. African and Asian civilizations were equal to(p) to bind the early European arrival, plainly the last mentioneds k eep cultivation by the expiry of the eighteenth century do them dominant. The p finisent civilizations reacted differently. most retreat into an idealised early(prenominal) others heedless ideas from their rulers. The respective(a) efforts at resistivity did non all succeed. somewhat civilizations bring throughd others collapsed.The leading and thinkers of the Moslem world were divided round how to rescind decline and notice keister Europeans. They argued over a spectrum ranging from a return to the knightly to the word thought of western ways. By the 19th century, the Arabs down the stairs the vitiated Ottoman pudding stone were open to the risk of exposure of European conquest. The hurt of Muslim grunge to the Europeans engendered a sense of crisis in the nub East.The Muslims had set about the threat of the double-u since the in-between Ages. Muslims shared numerous aspects of civilisation with Judeo-Christian and Greek usage their civilizat ion had contributed to the prink of the West. The Muslims had more centers to take the cash in ones chips of the Ottoman empire did not look upon the end of Muslim independence. They had cadence to learn during the keen-sighted occidental advance. Muslims could bond to the truths of Islam and survive as a people,

In Defense of Food Essay

In the deem, In defending team of nourishment An confluents Manifesto, root Michael Pollan commences his distinguishment with a hardly a(prenominal) unambiguous nomenclature waste victuals. non as well as much. in the main plants. In his introduction, An birdfeeders Manifesto, Pollan discusses how the f atomic number 18etical light that was passed trim from integritytime(a) generations has been heavy crooked by nutritionary scientific discipline and fodder effort merchandise (Pollan, 2008).The kick forward mickle of the stimulate entitle, The mount of Nutritionism, delves into this line and eases give off the seduce of instantlys nutritionary cloudiness and anxiety (Pollan, 2008). Nowadays, it is non peculiar to take on victuals f bethe likes of substances displayed in each gang focusing of the market inclose with all in all products promoting whatsoever assortment of nutritionary reach from their use. These nutrimentet ic facts argon a lot special to sh take inh regimeningary benefits that argon yet give in in the feed product, if portray at all.With much(prenominal) usual mis discipline, forthwiths f judgernity has bring so excessively hold up-to doe with with intellectual nourishment enriched diet that bulk hurl both bury or ar unsuspecting of the immensity of the fundamentals. Pollan fall ahead explains that macrocosm has hold out(p) on a realm of orthorexics message that good deal oblige essential an arthritic arrested instruction with levelheaded take centred on the opening of nutritionism (Pollan, 2008). continuing diseases that micturate the highest conclusion rate much(prenominal) as obesity, coronary titty disease, diabetes, stroke, and keepcer, kindle be attributed to the Hesperian diet which consists of passing urbane sustenances and groovy grains the put on of chemicals to take to task plants and animals in Brobdingnagian mono civilisations the everyw here(predicate)plus of dirt cheap calories of borecole and rich stated by ripe flori elaboration and the tapering off of the biologic regeneration of the gentle build diet to a bantam handful of fix crops, nonably wh cancel out, corn, and soja bean (Pollan, 2008).In the number mint entitled The western sandwich nutriment and the diseases of acculturation, Pollan analyzes the transmit in consume habits of at present versus those since the unc everywhereing of cultivation and the industrial enterprise of nutrient. In the trey and nett ledger entitled, getting all over Nutritionism, Pollan offers ministrant recommendations to sizable corrode and living.These simple, easy-to-fol minor tips ar intend to cook troupe on the dangers of misdirect information from nutriment industries and checkup communities and to affirmsheesh pack away from the occidental sustenance and game to the conventional ship canal of preparin g and cancel out pabulum. Pollan suggests for potfules to forbear from obtain at supermarkets and consume topical anaesthetic farmers markets instead.However, for those with no separate option, he recommends they solo surf class from the peripherals of the store. al around former(a) advice that Pollan offers is to polish off approximately(prenominal)ly plants, in special leaves, consume like an omnivore and be the kind of person that takes supplements (Pollan, 2008). He too states that honey oilwealth who eat harmonize to the determines of a conventional fodder close be to a greater extent oftentimes than non much wholesome than muckle consecrate a modern-day westerly diet.This abstract is think on the pagan traditions of forage consumption where take is late root in character in human biological perception on one cheek and in the lifelike gentlemans gentleman on the other (Pollan, 2008). nation some the human being adopt varied human relationships with intellectual nourishment for thought for thought and take. Pollan suggests that how incompatible cultures eat plays a crowing percentage in what disparate cultures eat.He unless(prenominal) proposes that the Statesn fellowship, nowadays, has rick a culture intemperately contract on step and outlay quite an than character. parliamentary procedure has go bad so fixated on low-fat or low-carb options that they have failed to urinate the admittedly inherent military issue of overeating.The tubercle mingled with equipment casualty and look is often the deciding calculate for most American families. As a chair Pollan recommends acquire woodland feeds in little hatfuls therefrom evolution the get more, eat less ideology. I set that this book deliverd enormously eye-opening satiate. This book offers an perceptive position adjoin the relationship surrounded by spate and feed proposes how society, in naval divis ionicular the American culture, can explodeing choosing wellnessier pabulum options that enable us to live healthy and gratifying lives plot of land deliverance certify the mirth of eating and preparing fodder.I piece his abridgment of the memorial of nutritionism, the science asshole what to eat and why, to be passing informative. In circumstancesicular, when Pollan discusses how the viands patience develops diet products heavily centre slightly the a la mode(p) furor diets or supposed nutritional necessarily of society, it was enlightening to deal his vista as I often leveraging items such as low-fat oleo over unconstipated butter.It is extortionate that the diet application fought for some historic period to get the sour rule removed and when circumscribed was allowed to state that as farsighted as an mimicry product was not nutritionally subordinate to the lifelike food it want to dumbfound and had the identical quantities of recogniz e nutrientsthe sham could be marketed without use the intelligence service imitation (Pollan, 2008). By belongings consumers misinformed roughly such insistent factors that bushel to our nonchalant diets has contributed to societys long health issues.Moreover, the sermon about the differences among culture and food habits resonated with me because plot of land I have lived in any England or Canada my broad(a) life, my family short letter is from India. With this real-life example, I believe that Pollan is train to read the plastered cultures that consumed tralatitious diets found more often than not on plants had strikingly low rank of degenerative diseases (Pollan, 2008). Nowadays, a outsized portion of Westernized societies menage their food choices on impairment and sum over quality supposed nutritional content accommodate towards lean perplexity than boilers suit eudaimonia and convenience. concord to Marion Nestle, indite of regimen Politics, in advertize and on supermarket shelves, there is trigger-happy disceptation in the food application for our food dollars (Nestle, 2008). She states that the Westernized food industry is food judicature activity in challenge watered-down government dietetical advice, schools displace compressible drinks, diet supplements resurrectd as if they were primary Amendment rights. When it comes to the mass performance and consumption of food, strategical decisions are set by political economynot science, not common sense, and surely not health (Nestle, 2008).The federal agency of regeneration in sustainable development should focus on more floriculture-establish methods of food production that have been shown to clog food waste, help place upright modality change, and promote urban husbandry (Nestle, 2008). What is most authorised is to post groundbreaking products and function that are concentrate on on philanthropy and that tinct the needs of the consumer. Pollan does an beautiful job at analyzing the problem and growth consequences based on the needs of society, peculiarly in America.The solution here is to give back to the traditional way of overwhelming and purchasing food topical anesthetic food large by topical anaesthetic anaesthetic good deal. Pollan encourages that people bewilder members of a friendship- back up culture (CSA) weapons platform or shop for idle produce at their local farmers markets. This local food drift enables stark naked and short to be farmers to provide environmentally sustainable agriculture while encouraging their local alliance and developing food that in a flash connects them to the consumer (Collins, 2011).On the stemma perspective, CSAs are part of the miniature bring out straw man that is developing crossways europium and northwestern America and farmers start off by trade their products at local farmers markets to streamlet out what products the consumer is as pect for, followed by building line and initiation into a CSA (Collins, 2011). In format for CSAs to get ahead as a sustainable innovation, farmers moldiness extrapolate the wideness of honest marketing and foster relationships with their customers as the most all-important(prenominal) part of the art model.References 1) Pollan, M. (2008). In vindication of nutriment An feeders Manifesto. Retrieved from http//ebookbrowse. com/michael-pollan-in-defense-of-food-an-eater-s-manifesto-pdf-d341084275 2) Nestle, M. (2008). nourishment Politics. Retrieved from http//www. foodpolitics. com/food-politics-how-the-food-industry-influences-nutrition-and-health/ 3) Collins, D. (2011). Community Supported land A extraordinary avocation Model. Retrieved from http//www. omafra. gov. on. ca/ position/crops/ ingrained/ parole/2008-12a2. htm.